INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

The kedayan people

The kedayan people are an ethnic residing in Brunei ,Labuan and Sabah and part of Sarawak on the island of borneo.

The also are known as kedayan,and kadaian.

The kedayan language is the de facto national language of Brunei.

In Sabah ,they are mainly live in Spitang ,Labuan,Beaufort,and Kuala Penyu.

In Sarawak ,kedayan ,mostly reside in Lawas,Limbang,Miri and sibuti area.
In Indonesia,indigenous people in Kutai,Kalimantan( Indonesia) share more than 90% similarity with Kedayan language,although the not called themselves as kedayan.

it also shows that the kedayan and banjavese is somehow related in term of language.

Most of the reseachers consider them indigenous to borneo.

The kedayan people having accepted and influenced by malay culture,after enstablishment of the sultanate of Brunei.

Historically,the kedayan people have occasionally rebelled against control Brunei nobles.

Kedayan are mainly paddy farmers or fisherman.

They have a reputtation (knowladge of medicinal plants,to treat a wide range of oilments or to make tonic.

The kedayan tend to settle inland a cluster patter,with houses ,build in the centre and field radiating outward.

The kedayan traditionally tended to be a rather closed communinity .

Intermarrage among relative was encourage for economic and sosial reasons.

As kedayan do not follows islamic inheritage laws,women entitled to own land.

if the husband dies ,his property goes to his wife(only as an administrator)

She cannot sell the land without permission of their children.

The kedayan wedding ceremony is similiar to Bruneis malays with different that the bride is seated surrounded by candles and decoration and the older folk will go up to her one at a time and mark powdered spices ,similiar to the bajau practice.

The kedayan also have their own danse,that is aduk-aduk.

Aduk-aduk is a ceremonial dance perfomed during holiday especially at the end of the harvest season

References:Wikipedia.

The Evolution Of Telephone

Alexender Graham Bell invented the telephone over 100 years ago.

At first ,the telephone line were seperate lines that connected pairs of telephone.

At first,telephone line was sep up in boston in 1877.

The first , telephones line overhead line that placed on telephone poles or attached to racks on the rooftop.

The telephone lines was made up by iron or steel.

The lines were single and noisy.

In 1877,Thomas doulittle develop the process for hard drown copper wire.

In 1885,a hard drawn copper was set up between New York and Philadelphia.

In the end of the 19 th and the beggining of the 20 th century ,is the changes and the rapid expansion in the telephones industry.

the telephone went from being a novelty item that only a few could afford ,to what most consider a neccessity today.

Nowdays all the people were use a handphones,such as adults,teenegers even a kids.

we can use the handphones to connect the people around the world.